![]() ![]() Ferreira Matias, 2013 FERREIRA, Óscar MATIAS, Ana. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1990. National Research Council, 1990 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL.Managing Coastal Erosion. For instance, in given situations, dam construction - which inevitably leads to upstream sediment retention - and the extraction of sand for commercial purposes on several sections of a river may have a negative impact on the downstream coastal strip: erosion (e.g. A Story of Six Rivers: History, Culture and Ecology. These human structures limit, transform and condition the riverbeds and their associated habitats, affecting directly and indirectly all river and coastal life forms (e.g. ![]() Additionally, river beds are used as a means of transportation for people and goods. In anthropogenic terms, rivers are connected with a broad variety of engineering works for energy, agricultural and transportation purposes, such as dams, ducts, channels and locks, viaducts or bridges. River systems encompass several types of habitats, from their spring to running and standing waters alluvial plains riparian banks and vegetation estuaries marshes and mangroves lagoons and a great diversity of coastal areas with different morphologies. River systems present, in environmental terms, diverse geomorphological features and high associated biodiversity. Perhaps they are the most humanised of all natural systems. Philadelphia, PA: Penn State University Press, 2008. Rivers in History: Perspectives on Waterways in Europe and North America. In: MAUCH, Christof ZELLER, Thomas (ed.). Rivers in History and Historiography: An Introduction. But just in theory, as rivers are a natural environment very vulnerable to physical constraints, barriers and changes ( Mauch Zeller, 2008 MAUCH, Christof ZELLER, Thomas. Rivers defy boundaries and confinements, tracing their own path in human history and the one of its environments. They are present in most landscapes and times of humanity, whether physically or spiritually, and exert an enormous influence on people and societies ( Mauch Zeller, 2008 MAUCH, Christof ZELLER, Thomas. RCC Perspectives - The Future of Environmental History: Needs and Opportunities, Munich: Rachel Carson Center, v. Nations, Nature, and Environmental History. História ambiental marinha humanos e não humanos ecossistemas fluviais percepções na época moderna Esperamos também contribuir para colocar manatins e o seu ecossistema no centro de uma discussão sobre contextos e interações ambientais e socioculturais das sociedades indígenas e coloniais nas Américas do período moderno. ![]() Pretendemos explorar do ponto de vista da história ambiental marinha o significado pragmático e simbólico dos manatins numa ligação próxima aos valores atribuídos aos rios e cursos de água. A sobre-exploração contínua conduziu ao desaparecimento de muitas populações de manatins, os quais hoje enfrentam o risco de extinção. As fontes documentais e iconográficas dos séculos XVI e XVII mostram-nos que era usado como alimento, para fins medicinais, para produzir utensílios ou como animal de estimação, mas seu valor económico e simbólico foi igualmente dominante. Marine environmental history humans and non-humans riverine ecosystems early modern age perceptionsĬom uma distribuição geográfica histórica alargada em zonas costeiras, ambientes de transição e fluviais do Oceano Atlântico tropical, o manatim (manati das Índias Ocidentais, peixe-boi ou iguaragua do Brasil colonial) era bastante valorizado. We also expect to contribute to place manatees and their ecosystem at the center of the discussion about the environmental and sociocultural contexts and interactions of indigenous and colonial societies in the Americas of the modern period. We will explore, from the point of view of marine environmental history, the pragmatic and symbolic meaning of the manatee in close connection to the importance given to rivers and watercourses. Continued overexploitation led to the disappearance of many populations of manatees, which are currently at the brinck of extinction. Moreover, its economic and symbolic value was equally relevant. Documental and iconographic sources of the 16 th and 17 th centuries show us that it was used as food and for medicinal purposes, to manufacture tools or even as a pet. The manatee ( manati of the West Indies, also called manatim or iguaragua in colonial Brazil) was highly valued and presented a broad historical geographic distribution in coastal, transitional and fluvial areas of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. ![]()
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